Meaning and usage of the word anarchism in English

The term "anarchism" originated in the mid-19th century from the Greek words "anarchos," meaning "without ruler" or "without chief," and the suffix "-ism," indicating a philosophical or ideological movement. The term was first used by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, a French philosopher and writer, in 1840. He defined anarchism as the rejection of all authority and government, and advocated for the creation of voluntary associations based on mutual aid and cooperation. Proudhon's ideas influenced later anarchists, such as Mikhail Bakunin, who popularized the term "anarchism" and spread its ideas throughout Europe. The term gained widespread use in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly among revolutionary movements and labor unions. Today, anarchism is a diverse and global movement with various interpretations and implementations, but its core principles remain rooted in the rejection of authority and the pursuit of freedom and autonomy.