Definition of the word sum up

The phrase "sum up" means to provide a brief and concise explanation or overview of a topic, usually at the end of a discussion or presentation. The origin of this expression can be traced back to the Middle English period, around the 14th century. At that time, English scribes used a variety of symbols and abbreviations to save space and time in their writing. One such symbol was a vertical line with a small circle at the top, known as a "summa" mark. The summa mark was used to indicate a summation, or an abridged version of a longer text. Over time, the term "summa" came to be used in a more general sense to mean a complete or comprehensive overview. Eventually, the word "sum up" evolved as a shorthand way of saying "to provide a summa-like summary" or "to bring to completion." Today, the phrase "sum up" is commonly used in a variety of contexts, from academic debates to legal proceedings. Its meaning remains largely the same as in medieval English: to present a concise and accurate summary of a complex topic.